Estimation of the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Thailand’s Rice Landraces Using SNP Markers

Rice is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Modern rice varieties have been developed high yield and quality; however, there has substantial loss diversity. A greater number genetically dynamic landraces could offer valuable useful genetic resources improvement. In this study, diversity population structure 365 accessions lowland upland from four populations different geographical regions Thailand were investigated using 75 SNP markers. Clustering analyses maximum likelihood, Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), Discriminant Components (DAPC) clustered these into two main groups, corresponding to indica japonica groups. The group was further subgroups according DAPC STRUCTURE (K = 3). analysis molecular variance (AMOVA) results revealed that 91% variation distributed among individuals, suggesting degree differentiation within populations. Pairwise FST showed greatest between northeastern southern smallest northern Isolation-by-distance based on Mantel test indicated significant relationship distance geographic Thai landraces. study provide insight germplasm, which will enhance germplasm characterization, conservation, utilization in genetics breeding.